1. M. A. Grossman and E. C. Bain:High Speed Steel, John Wiley, London, 1931.
2. E. C. Bain:Functions of the Alloying Elements in Steel, ASM, 1939, Cleveland, Ohio; 2nd Edition co-authored with H. W. Paxton, 1961.
3. E.C. Bain:J. Iron SteelInst., 1955, vol. 181, pp. 193–212.
4. G. R. Speich and P. R. Swann:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1965, vol. 203, pp. 480–85; G. R. Speich and H. Warlimont:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1968, vol. 206, pp. 385–92.
5. A. R. Marder and G. Krauss:Trans. ASM, 1967, vol. 60, pp. 651–59;Trans. ASM, 1969, vol. 62, pp. 957–63.