1. Stephen Brier, ?Interracial Organizing in the West Virginia Coal Industry: The Participation of Black Mine Workers in the Knights of Labor and the United Mine Workers, 1880?1894,?Essays in Southern Labor History, (Westport, CT, 1977).
2. Stephen Brier, ?The Career of Richard L. Davis Reconsidered: Unpublished Correspondence from theNational Labor Tribune,? Labor History (Summer 1980), 420?429.
3. Page references are to Gutman's original essay inThe Negro and the American Labor Movement, edited by Julius Jacobson (Garden City, 1968).
4. R. L. Davis was deeply involved in conflicts with fellow black miners over the role of blacks in the UMW. See his May 31, 1891 letter to theNational Labor Tribune, reprinted in Brier, ?The Career of R. L. Davis Reconsidered,? 425?426.