1. The notion of a scientific periphery has been circulating at least since EdwardShils's writings of the 1950s, but relatively few studies have infused it with historical dimensions. Noteworthy are: C. K. VANDERPOOL, Center and Periphery in Science: Conceptions of a Stratification of Nations and Its Consequences, in: S. P. RESTIVO, C. K. VANDERPOOL, Eds.Comparative Studies in Science and Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1974, pp. 432–444; G. BUDOWSKI,Imperialismo cientifico, trans. E. BELTRÁN, Mexico, 1972; Y. M. RABKIN, H. INHABER, Science on the Periphery: A Citation Study of Three Less Developed Countries,Scientometrics, 1 (1979) 261–274; HelgeKRAGH, On Science and Underdevelopment, Roskilde, Denmark, 1980; Adel Awwad ZIADAT, Arab Scientists in the North American Scientific Community,Arab Studies Quarterly, 4 (1982) 242–253; M. ROCHE, Y. FREITES, Producción y flujo de informacion científica en un país periferico americano (Venezuela),Interciencia, 7 (1982) 279–290.
2. J. HEILBRON,A History of Electricity in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, Berkeley, 1978; K. HUFBAUER,The Formation of the German Chemical Community, 1720–1795, Berkeley, 1982; D. ROCHE,Le Siècle de lumières en province: Académies et académiciens provinciaux, 1680–1789, 2 vols, Paris, 1978; J. MORRELL, A. W. THACKRAY,Gentlemen of Science: Early Years of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Oxford, 1981.
3. An excellent study of scientific discovery on the periphery—and perhaps the finest book to date on Canadian science—is Michael BLISS'sDiscovery of Insulin, Toronto, 1982.
4. F. CAJORI, The Mathematical Sciences in the Latin Colonies of America,Scientific Monthly, 16, No. 2 (1923) 194–204; J. BABINI,la Ciencia en la Argentina, Buenos Aires, 1954. J. NEEDHAM's series,Science and Civilization in China, currently occupies more than two linear feet in most university libraries.
5. D. FLEMING, Science in Australia, Canada, and the United States: Some Comparative Remarks, inActes du X e congrès international d'histoire des sciences, Paris, 1964, pp. 179–196; G. BASALLA, The Spread of Western Science,Science, 156 (1967) 611–622; T. O. EISEMON,The Science Profession in the Third World: Studies from India and Kenya New York, 1982; L. PYENSON, The Incomplete Transmission of a European Image: Physics at Greater Buenos Aires and Montreal, 1890–1920,Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 122 (1978) 92–114; L. PYENSON, Cultural Imperialism and Exact Sciences: German Expansion Overseas, 1900–1930,History of Science, 20 (1982) 1–43.