1. Ayensu, E. S. 1978. Medicinal Plants of West Africa. Reference Publication, New York.
2. Buadu, C. Y., and K. Boakye-Yiadom. 1973. The antibacterial activity of some Ghanaian chewing sticks. Ghana Pharmaceutical J. 1: 150–151.
3. El Said, F., S. O. Fudulu, J. O. Kuye, and E. A. Sofowora. 1971. Native cures in Nigeria II. The antibacterial properties of buffered extracts of chewing sticks. Lloydia 34: 172–174.
4. Enwonwu, C. O. 1974. Socio-economic factors in dental caries prevalence and frequency in Nigerians. Caries Res. 8: 155–171.
5. Hutchinson, J., and J. M. Dalziel. 1954–72. Flora of West Tropical Africa (3 Vols.) 2nd edition revised by R. W. J. Keay (Vol. 1) and F. N. Hepper (Vols. 2 and 3). Crown Agents, London.