Dirac-boson stars

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we construct Dirac-boson stars (DBSs) model composed of a scalar field and two Dirac fields. The scalar field and both Dirac fields are in the ground state. We consider the solution families of the DBSs for the synchronized frequency $$ \overset{\sim }{\omega } $$ ω ~ and the nonsynchronized frequency $$ {\overset{\sim }{\omega}}_D $$ ω ~ D cases, respectively. We find several different solutions when the Dirac field mass $$ {\overset{\sim }{\mu}}_D $$ μ ~ D and scalar field frequency $$ {\overset{\sim }{\omega}}_s $$ ω ~ s are taken in some particular ranges. In contrast, no similar case has been found in previous studies of multistate boson stars. Moreover, we discuss the characteristics of each type of solution family of the DBSs and present the relationship between the ADM mass M of the DBSs and the synchronized frequency $$ \overset{\sim }{\omega } $$ ω ~ or the nonsynchronized frequency $$ {\overset{\sim }{\omega}}_D $$ ω ~ D . Finally, we calculate the binding energy EB of the DBSs and investigate the relationship of EB with the synchronized frequency $$ \overset{\sim }{\omega } $$ ω ~ or the nonsynchronized frequency $$ {\overset{\sim }{\omega}}_D $$ ω ~ D .