1. Alan A. Block, East Side-West Side: Organizing Crime in New York, 1930–1950 (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1983), p. 12.
2. Alan A. Block, The Business of Crime (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991), pp. 20–21.
3. S.A. Paolantonio, Frank Rizzo: The Last Big Man in Big City America (Philadelphia: Camino Books, 1993), p. 95.
4. Ibid.
5. See, for example, Kenneth O’Reilly, Racial Matters: The FBI’s Secret File on Black America, 1960–1972 (New York: The Free Press, 1989).