1. Asada, M., and K. Ochiai. 1996. Food habits of sika deer on the Boso Peninsula, central Japan. Ecological Research 11:89–95
2. Bell, R. 1970. The use of the herb layer by gazing ungulates in the Serengeti. Pages 111–124 in A. Watson, editor, Animal populations in relation to their food resources. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, United Kingdom
3. Campos-Arceiz, A., and S. Takatsuki. 2005. Food habits of sika deer in the Shiranuka Hills, east ern Hokkaido — A northern example among the north-south variations of food habits in sika deer. Ecological Research 20:129–133
4. Geist, V. 1974. On the relationship of social evolution and ecology in ungulates. American Zoologist 14:205–220
5. Goodman, S. J., H. B. Tamate, R. Wilson, J. Nagata, S. Tatsuzawa, G., Swanson, J. M. Pemberton, and D. R. McCullough. 2001. Bottlenecks, drift and differentiation: The population structure and demographic history of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the Japanese Archipelago. Molecular Ecology 10:1357–1370