1. Akers, R.L. (1991) Addiction: the troublesome concept. Journal of Drug Issues, 21, 777–793.
2. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
3. Anderson, D.R., Collins, P.A., Schmitt, K.L. and Jacobvitz, R.S. (1996) Stressful life events and television viewing. Communication Research, 23, 243–260.
4. Andrucci, G.L., Archer, R.P., Pancoast, D.L. and Gordon, R.A. (1989) The relationship of MMPI and sensation seeking scales to adolescent drug us. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, 253–256.
5. Bae, J.H. (2001) Generation effect on gratification obtained from mobile phone use and perception as interpersonal communication medium.Korean Journalism and Communication Studies, 45, 160–188.