Author:
Saleh Yousef A. L.,Sulimani Riad A.,Alomary Shaker,Alnajjar Yassmeen I.,Vandenput Liesbeth,Liu Enwu,Lorentzon Mattias,Harvey Nicholas C.,McCloskey Eugene V.,Johansson Helena,Kanis John A.,Al-Daghri Nasser M.,Jamo Abdelgadier Ibrahim,Hawsawi Abdullah Ahmed,Mohamed Fatima Ali,Khojah Talha Mohammedsaeed,Sheshah Eman Abdulrahman,Hashem Waleed A.,Hijazi Abdulgani Omar,Kanani Samer Merei,Alfagih Ashwag Saleh,Albouri Kamil Muslim,Alsobyhy Osama Fawaz,Almutairi Mohammed Zayed,Almalki Mussa Hussain,Kassem Nadia Abd Elhamid,Ali Mutaz Mohamed,Alamri Fahad A.,Alshahrani Fahad Mohammed,AlRayes Hanan Mohammed,Sadat-Ali Mir,Alharbi Mohammed Abdulrahman,AlShaker Mohammed,Fouda Mona A.,Alaidarous Salwa Berlian,Almohaya Mohammed,Saleh Najla Alfateh,Saleh Soad,
Abstract
Abstract
Summary
A prospective hospital-based survey in representative regions of Saudi Arabia determined the incidence of fractures at the hip. The hip fracture rates were used to create a FRAX® model to facilitate fracture risk assessment in Saudi Arabia.
Objective
This paper describes the incidence of hip fracture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that was used to characterize the current and future burden of hip fracture, to develop a country-specific FRAX® tool for fracture prediction and to compare fracture probabilities with neighbouring countries.
Methods
During a 2-year (2017/2018) prospective survey in 15 hospitals with a defined catchment population, hip fractures in Saudi citizens were prospectively identified from hospital registers. The number of hip fractures and future burden was determined from national demography. Age- and sex-specific incidence of hip fracture and national mortality rates were incorporated into a FRAX model for Saudi Arabia. Fracture probabilities were compared with those from Kuwait and Abu Dhabi.
Results
The incidence of hip fracture applied nationally suggested that the estimated number of hip fractures nationwide in persons over the age of 50 years for 2015 was 2,949 and is predicted to increase nearly sevenfold to 20,328 in 2050. Hip fracture rates were comparable with estimates from Abu Dhabi and Kuwait. By contrast, probabilities of a major osteoporotic fracture or hip fracture from the age of 70 years were much lower than those seen in Abu Dhabi and Kuwait due to higher mortality estimates for Saudi Arabia.
Conclusion
A country-specific FRAX tool for fracture prediction has been developed for Saudi Arabia which is expected to help guide decisions about treatment.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Reference37 articles.
1. Kanis JA, Norton N, Harvey NC, Jacobson T, Johansson J, Lorentzon M, McCloskey EV, Willers C, Borgström F (2021) SCOPE 2021: a new scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos 16:82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-00871-9
2. Johnell O, Kanis JA (2006) An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 17:1726–1733
3. Borgström F, Karlsson L, Ortsäter G, Norton N, Halbout P, Cooper C, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Javaid K, Kanis JA, for the International Osteoporosis Foundation (2020) Fragility fractures in Europe: burden, management and opportunities. Arch Osteoporos 15:59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-0706-y
4. Hernlund E, Svedbom A, Ivergård M, Compston J, Cooper C, Stenmark J, McCloskey EV, Jönsson B, Kanis JA (2013) Osteoporosis in the European Union: Medical Management, Epidemiology and Economic Burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos 8:136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-013-0136-1
5. Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y, Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO) and the Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) (2019) European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 30(3):44