Impacts of Inflammatory Cytokines Variants on Systemic Inflammatory Profile and COVID-19 Severity

Abstract

Abstract Background Cytokine storm is known to impact the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), since pro-inflammatory cytokine variants are associated with cytokine storm. It is tempting to speculate that pro-inflammatory cytokines variants may impact COVID-19 outcomes by modulating cytokine storm. Here, we verified this hypothesis via a comprehensive analysis. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Central, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until December 15, 2023. Case–control or cohort studies that investigated the impacts of rs1800795 or rs1800629 on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, mortality, IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP levels were included after an anonymous review by two independent reviewers and consultations of disagreement by a third independent reviewer. Results 47 studies (8305 COVID-19 individuals and 17,846 non-COVID-19 individuals) were analyzed. The rs1800629 A allele (adenine at the −308 position of the promoter was encoded by the A allele) was associated with higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP). In contrast, the rs1800795 C allele (cytosine at the −174 position of the promoter was encoded by the C allele) was linked to higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and CRP. In addition, the A allele of rs1800629 increased the severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, the C allele of rs1800795 only increased COVID-19 susceptibility. Conclusions rs1800629 and rs1800795 variants of pro-inflammatory cytokines have significant impacts on systemic inflammatory profile and COVID-19 clinical outcomes. rs1800629 may serve as a genetic marker for severe COVID-19.