Elevated blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio increased the risk of hospitalization and all-cause death in patients with chronic heart failure

Author:

Lin Hung-Ju,Chao Chia-Lun,Chien Kuo-Liong,Ho Yi-Lwun,Lee Chii-Ming,Lin Yen-Hung,Wu Yen-Wen,Hsu Ron-Bin,Chou Nai-Kuan,Wang Shoei-Shen,Chen Ching-Yi,Chen Ming-Fong

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,General Medicine

Reference21 articles.

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2. Aronson D, Mittleman MA, Burger AJ (2004) Elevated blood urea nitrogen level as a predictor of mortality in patients admitted for decompensated heart failure. Am J Med 116:466–473

3. Chien KL, Hsu HC, Su TC, Chen MF, Lee YT, Hu FB (2007) Apolipoprotein B and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese. J Lipid Res 48:2499–2505

4. Cohn JN, Johnson GR, Shabetai R, Loeb H, Tristani F, Rector T, Smith R, Fletcher R (1993) Ejection fraction, peak exercise oxygen consumption, cardiothoracic ratio, ventricular arrhythmias, and plasma norepinephrine as determinants of prognosis in heart failure. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group. Circulation 87:VI5–V16

5. Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJ, Ponikowski P, Poole-Wilson PA, Stromberg A, van Veldhuisen DJ, Atar D, Hoes AW, Keren A, Mebazaa A, Nieminen M, Priori SG, Swedberg K, Vahanian A, Camm J, De Caterina R, Dean V, Funck-Brentano C, Hellemans I, Kristensen SD, McGregor K, Sechtem U, Silber S, Tendera M, Widimsky P, Zamorano JL (2008) ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur Heart J 29:2388–2442

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