Global longitudinal strain in long-term risk prediction after acute coronary syndrome: an investigation of added prognostic value to ejection fraction

Abstract

Abstract Aims This study aimed to investigate the additional value of global longitudinal strain (GLS) on top of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in long-term risk prediction of combined death and heart failure (HF) re-hospitalization after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Method and results This retrospective study included patients admitted with ACS between 2008 and 2014 from the three participating university hospitals. LVEF and GLS were assessed at a core lab from images acquired during the index hospital stay. Their prognostic value was studied with the Cox proportional hazards model (median follow-up 6.2 years). A nested model comparison was performed with C-statistics. A total of 941 patients qualified for multivariable analysis after multiple imputation of missing baseline covariables. The combined outcome was reached in 17.7% of the cases. Both GLS and LVEF were independent predictors of the combined outcome, hazard ratio (HR) 1.068 (95% CI 1.017–1.121) and HR 0.980 (95% CI 0.962–0.998), respectively. The C-statistic increased from 0.742 (95% CI 0.702–0.783) to 0.749 (95% CI 0.709–0.789) (P = 0.693) when GLS entered the model with clinical data and LVEF. Conclusion GLS emerged as an independent long-term risk predictor of all-cause death and HF re-hospitalization. However, there was no significant incremental predictive value of GLS when LVEF was already known. Graphical Abstract