The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Bempedoic Acid in Patients at Elevated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Statins are first-line agents to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular risk, however, they are insufficient and/or intolerable in many patients. To that end, we conducted a meta-analysis of Bempedoic Acid (BA), a novel LDL-C lowering agent. Methods We retrieved randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of BA by searching Pubmed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov. We used the Mantel-Haenszel method to pool estimates. The I2 measure was used to quantify heterogeneity. Treatment effects are provided as relative risks (RR), absolute risk differences (ARD), and number needed to treat/harm (NNTB/H). Analyses were conducted using R, version 4.1.2. Results 11 trials enrolling 18,496 patients were included. Compared to placebo, BA reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.95; ARD: -1.63%; NNT: 62), myocardial infarction (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.89; ARD: -1.03%; NNT: 98), unstable angina hospitalization (RR: 0.70; 95%: CI: 0.55 to 0.89; ARD: -0.57%; NNT: 177), revascularization (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.91; ARD: -1.31%; NNT: 77), and myalgia (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.95; ARD: -0.99%; NNT: 102). BA significantly increased the risk of gout (RR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.91; ARD: 0.99%; NNH: 101), renal impairment (RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.49; ARD: 2.54%; NNH: 40), and cholelithiasis (RR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.44; ARD: 1.01%; NNH: 100). Conclusion BA effectively reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and myalgia but increases the risk of gout, cholelithiasis, and renal impairment.