1. Riley LW, Ko AI, Unger A, Reis MG. Slum health: diseases of neglected populations. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2007;7:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-7-2.
2. According to 24/7 Tempo, 2019, Mumbai’s population density in 2016 was almost three times higher than New York City’s, and the New York Times, Upshot, reported that the city’s density was a primary reason for the high virus infection rate, April 10, 2020.
3. The Census of India 2011 indicates that 37 percent of Indian urban households live in either one room or without any exclusive rooms, Table s00–0012: the distribution of households by size and number of dwelling units. In Ghana the share of urban households living in one room is almost 60 percent, Table 21, Ghana Housing Profile, UN Habitat, 2011.
4. Job losses in the US In the first month of the current pandemic, 17 million, were double the amount of such losses in the 18 months of the 2008–2010 Great Recession. That recession reduced world GDP by 4 percent, and has had a lasting adverse effect on economic growth for the past decade. For example, in one of their Economic Letters, The San Francisco Federal Reserve estimates that the slower economic growth after the recession has reduced US per capita income by $70,000. See Lansing, K. Gauging the Impact of the Great Recession. July 11, 2011.
5. A recession is at least two quarters of negative economic growth; a depression is marked by more prolonged and more significant reductions in economic growth, lasting for several years.