1. See: United Nations World Tourism Organization, Tourism Highlights, 2014 ed. (Madrid: UNWTO, 2014)
2. United Nations World Tourism Organization, UNWTO Annual Report 2013 (Madrid: UNWTO, 2013), 2, 11.
3. While I use the term “mobility” to describe the movement of people from place to place, scholars increasingly have a more complicated view. It may not be immediately obvious to the casual observer. Mobility might involve ideas as much as the people who have them. Root-edness can be as important as movement. For an example of current discussion, see: Stephen Greenblatt, ed., A Mobility Studies Manifesto (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
4. This point is not universally agreed upon. Some claim that once they evolved in southern Africa, humans soon spread outward, populating the rest of the globe. Other academics argue that the emergence of our distant ancestors occurred through a process of hybridization whereby migrating populations met, mated, and changed. Still others posit that humans are a result of “gene flow,” of some populations surviving while others died out. Yet another group of anthropologists believes that humans appeared almost independently in Europe, Africa, and Asia from populations that had left Africa much earlier. See: Chris Stringer, “Modern Human Origins: Progress and Prospects,” Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1420 (29 April 2002): 563–79.
5. Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman, The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology’s New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts (New York: Free Press, 2001), 63.