1. Gungwu Wang, ‘The rhetoric of a lesser empire: Early Sung relations with its neighbors’, in Morris Rossabi (ed.), China among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th–14th Centuries (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1983) pp. 47–65.
2. E. A. Kracke, Civil Service in Early Sung China, 960–1067 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953, 1968) pp. 68–70.
3. John W. Chaffee, The Thorny Gates of Learning in Sung China: A Social History of Examinations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985) pp. 182–3.
4. Winston W. Lo, An Introduction to the Civil Service of Sung China: With an Emphasis on its Personnel Administration (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987) pp. 92–3.
5. Mark Elvin, The Pattern of the Chinese Past (London: Eyre Methuen, 1973) pp. 113–99.