1. See, John E. Pomfret, The Struggle for the Land of Ireland, 1800–1923 (Princeton, 1930).
2. Peter Gibbon, The Origins of Ulster Unionism: The Formation of Popular Protestant Politics and Ideology in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Manchester, 1975), pp. 143–46.
3. Alvin Jackson, The Ulster Party: Irish Unionists and the House of Commons (Oxford, 1989), pp. 5–6.
4. John Harbinson, The Ulster Unionist Party, 1882–1973: Its Development and Organisation (Belfast, 1973), p. 110.
5. Amanda N. Shanks, Rural Aristocracy in Northern Ireland (Aldershot, 1988), passim;