Red-headed ash borer Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): the global distribution, current spreading and the seasonal activity depending on its different habitats

Abstract

AbstractHolarctic expansion of Neoclytus acumiantus acuminatus due to its polyphagous character has been a major concern for plant health, which raises several questions about its spreading directions. I have examined all bibliographical references, phytosanitary reports and authentic photographs from the online sources in the quest of the determination of the worldwide distribution and flight phenology of N. a. acuminatus. The expansion, including the western Palearctic regions as well as several Neotropical habitats, is proven and has become more intense in the last decades. It can be found mostly on the Holarctic region including 21 countries, which is supported by 51 publications. Its spreading mostly northward and eastward in the Palearctic is continuous due to anthropogenic effects, climate change as well as movement of infested materials. Flight phenology and population densities as a function of habitats were mapped. The detection in novel habitats of this pest due to imported wood materials and products is envisaged in the foreseeable future. The primary criterion for controlling the species adapted to the commercial trade and climatic change would be the elaboration of a monitoring system in affected and exposed areas.