1. On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy of the National Academy of Sciences (National Academy Press, 1995), second edition, p. 18.
2. Guidelines for Ethical Practices in Research, Office of Research Integrity at the University of Pittsburgh, May 1997, p. 7.
3. Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process, Volume I, National Academy of Sciences (National Academy Press, 1992), recommendation 11, pp. 16–17.