Mating Type and Aggressiveness of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in Potato-Growing Areas of Punjab, Pakistan, 2017–2018 and Identification of Genotype 13_A2 in 2019–2020

Abstract

AbstractSamples of blighted potato leaves were collected from fields in six potato-growing districts of the Punjab Province of Pakistan in 2017–2018. A total of 149 isolates of Phytophthora infestans were obtained from six potato cultivars (Asterix, Barsenna, Burana, Caroda, Mazika, Sante). Of these isolates, 73% were A1 mating type, 23% were A2 mating type and 4% were self-fertile. Both mating types of P. infestans occurred in all six districts sampled, but in every case, the A1 mating type predominated. The foliar aggressiveness of 104 of these isolates (weakly pathogenic isolates were excluded) was tested on detached leaflets of potato cv. Caroda, and a composite aggressiveness index (CAI) calculated from lesion area (measured after 10 days), latent period and infection frequency was used to compare isolates. There was no difference in CAI between isolates obtained from different districts or cultivars. The A2 mating type isolates had significantly greater CAIs than A1 isolates but this does not imply a genetic linkage nor a general association between mating type and aggressiveness. It may be that the A2 isolates belonged to an aggressive clonal lineage such as 13_A2 that has been reported in other countries in the region. While it was not possible to test the isolates collected in 2017–2018, genotyping of samples collected in 2019–2020 showed the widespread occurrence of the EU_13_A2 clonal lineage in the same districts of Pakistan and supported this hypothesis. This is the first report of EU_13_A2 from Pakistan. The implications for potato late blight management in the Punjab are discussed.