Health-related quality of life of young refugees in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: comparisons to non-refugees and pre-pandemic times

Abstract

Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak forced widespread changes in minors’ daily life with a risk of compromising well-being. So far, little is known about how health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of young refugees has developed during this time, although they belong to a vulnerable group. In a cross-sectional analysis during the first year of the pandemic, minors aged 8 to 16 years with and without refugee experience (n each = 156) were surveyed, using self-report questionnaires on HRQoL and perceived COVID-related stress. In a longitudinal analysis with refugee minors aged 8 to 18 years (n = 91) HRQoL and possible relevant predictors (gender, age, duration of stay, mental health) were assessed in 2019 (pre-pandemic). HRQoL was reassessed in 2020 (peri-pandemic). No difference was detected between minors with and without refugee experience in terms of peri-pandemic HRQoL. A proportion of 36% (refugee minors) and 44% (non-refugee minors) reported low peri-pandemic HRQoL. However, refugee minors reported more COVID-related stress (difficulties in following school). Longitudinally, HRQoL of refugee minors increased from pre- to peri-pandemic times. Older age, lower pre-pandemic HRQoL, and pre-pandemic externalizing problem behavior predicted worse peri-pandemic HRQoL. The findings suggest a certain resilience of refugee minors but also show a continued vulnerability. Therefore, minors at risk should be identified and their psychosocial needs addressed.