1. J. Goldak, A. Charkravarti, and M. Bibby, New Finite Element Model for Welding Heat Sources, Metall. Trans. B, 1984, 15B, p 300–305
2. P. Tekriwal and J. Mazumder, Transient and Residual Thermal Strain-Stress Analysis of GMAW, Trans. ASME, 1991, 133, p 336–343
3. J. Dike, C. Cadden, R. Corderman, C. Schultz, and M. Mcaninch, Finite Element Modeling of Multipass GMA Welds in Steel Plates, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, Gatlinburg, 1995, p 57–65
4. C.L. Tsai, W.T. Cheng, and T. Lee, Modeling Strategy for Control of Welding-Induced Distortion, Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Process VII, The Mineral, Metals and Material Society, 1995, p 335–345
5. A. Bachorski, M.J. Painter, A.J. Smailes, and M.A. Wahab, Finite-Element Prediction of Distortion during Gas Metal Arc Welding Using the Shrinkage Volume Approach, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1999, 92–93, p 405–409