1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Pain Management Best Practices Inter-Agency Task Force. Final Report on Pain Management Best Practices: Updates, Gaps, Inconsistencies, and Recommendations. May 9, 2019. https://www.hhs.gov/ash/advisory-committees/pain/reports/index.html. Accessed 11 Mar 2020.
2. Institute of Medicine. Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK91497/. Accessed 11 Mar 2020.
3. Dahlhamer J, Lucas J, Zelaya C, et al. Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:1001–6.
4. Manchikanti L, Kaye AM, Knezevic NN, et al. Responsible, safe, and effective prescription of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines. Pain Physician. 2017;20:S3–92.
5. Manchikanti L, Abdi S, Atluri S, et al. An update of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques of chronic spinal pain: part II: Guidance and recommendations. Pain Physician. 2013;16:S49–283.