1. Seneca, Naturales Quaestiones, trans. Thomas H. Corcoran, 2 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971–1972), II: p. 231.
2. Ibid., II: 273–275.
3. Ibid., II: p. 275. I have replaced Corocran’s anachronistic ‘orbit’ with the more accurate ‘circle’.
4. For a survey of Greek and Islamic commentaries on Aristotle’s Meteorology see Lettinck, Aristotle’s Meteorology, pp. vii–ix, 1–31; pages 39–96 contain a detailed account of the commentators’ interpretations of the structure of the atmosphere and phenomena in the upper atmosphere. Also see Schoonheim’s introduction in Pieter L. Schoonheim, Aristotle’s Meteorology in the Arabico-Latin Tradition: A Critical Edition of the Texts, with Introduction and Indices (Leiden: Brill, 1999).
5. Lettinck, Aristotle’s Meteorology, pp. 72–73.