Little Evidence for Conservative Toe Walking Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Systematic Review

Author:

Valagussa GiulioORCID,Piscitelli DanieleORCID,Baruffini Silvia,Panzeri Valentina,Perin Cecilia,Mazzucchelli Miryam,Cornaggia Cesare Maria,Pellicciari LeonardoORCID,Grossi Enzo

Abstract

AbstractThis systematic review summarizes the evidence about toe walking (TW) interventions in persons with autism. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Opengrey was performed. Nine articles (all case reports or case series) were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Centre tool. The included studies considered 17 subjects (16 males; age range: 4–15 years). All studies reported a reduction of TW frequency, but the follow-up was lacking in seven studies. There is a lack of high-quality studies with a sufficiently large and well-characterized sample to assess the effectiveness of TW interventions in autistic persons. These findings strongly support the need for further research in this area.

Funder

Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Behavioral Neuroscience,Psychiatry and Mental health,Cognitive Neuroscience,Developmental Neuroscience

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