Analysis of CT characteristics in the diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum associated appendicitis with clinical and pathological correlation: a diagnostic accuracy study

Author:

Valluru BimbadharORCID,Zhou ZhouORCID,Sah DineswarORCID,Du WeiORCID,Ali Mahamed O.ORCID,Adam Ahmed A.ORCID,Zhang LiangORCID,Wang Juan J.ORCID

Abstract

Abstract Purpose To clarify unique non-contrast CT (NCCT) characteristics for early recognition of Schistosomal associated appendicitis (SAA) differentiating from Non-schistosomal associated appendicitis (NSA). Material and methods Clinical and pathological data of 50 cases with SAA and 60 cases with NSA who underwent emergency appendectomy were retrospectively compared to pre-surgical NCCT features such as direct and indirect signs of acute appendicitis as well as appendicoliths, colon calcifications as diagnostic criteria. Statistical methods such as Chi-square (χ2), t-tests, Principal component analysis (PCA), Binary Logistic regression (LR) and Factor Analysis (FA) were utilized to observe differences and isolate recognizable CT features of SAA. Pre and post hoc diagnostic performance of all criteria was calculated as sensitivity, specificity, and the Odds Ratio (OR). Results Age > 50 years, diameter > 13 mm, pneumatosis, peri appendiceal abscess, focal wall defect, perforation; Orbital, linear and point types of appendicular wall calcifications; sigmoid colon and cecal curvilinear calcifications were observed as unique characteristics with a sensitivity of 84–95% and specificity of 91–98% in predicting SAA by OR of 6.2 times. Pre and post hoc hypothetical analysis did not show any significance for all other factors. Conclusion Factors such as elderly age, CT features such as larger appendicular diameter, appendicular wall calcifications along with sigmoid colon, and cecal calcifications, signs of perforation or abscess are characteristic for early recognition of SAA.

Funder

Science Research Foundation of Yunnan Education Bureau

Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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