Understanding a migratory species in a changing world: climatic effects and demographic declines in the western monarch revealed by four decades of intensive monitoring

Author:

Espeset Anne E.,Harrison Joshua G.,Shapiro Arthur M.,Nice Chris C.,Thorne James H.,Waetjen David P.,Fordyce James A.,Forister Matthew L.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference60 articles.

1. Batalden RV, Oberhauser K, Peterson AT (2007) Ecological niches in sequential generations of eastern North American monarch butterflies (Lepidoptera: Danaidae): the ecology of migration and likely climate change implications. Environ Entomol 36:1365–1373

2. Brindza LJ, Brower LP, Davis AK, Van Hook T (2008) Comparative success of monarch butterfly migration to overwintering sites in Mexico from inland and coastal sites in Virginia. J Lepid Soc 62:189–200

3. Brower LP (1995) Understanding and misunderstanding the migration of the monarch butterfly (Nymphalidae) in North America: 1857–1995. J Lepid Soc 49:304–385

4. Brower AVZ, Boyce TM (1991) Mitochondrial-DNA variation in monarch butterflies. Evolution 45:1281–1286

5. Brower LP, Malcolm SB (1991) Animal migrations—endangered phenomena. Am Zool 31:265–276

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