Colorectal Leiomyosarcoma: Demographics Patterns, Treatment Characteristics, and Survival Analysis in the U.S. Population

Abstract

Abstract Background Colorectal leiomyosarcoma (CR-LMS) is a rare neoplasm arising from smooth muscle cells. It accounts for less than 0.1% of all colorectal malignancies. In this population-based study, we aim to understand the demographics, treatment characteristics, and pathologic factors associated with survival in CR-LMS. Methods Data from the SEER Program (2000–2018) were analyzed using SEER*Stat and SPSS. Statistical methods included descriptive analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the impact of various factors on disease-specific and overall survival. Results A total of 191 cases of CR-LMS were identified. Most patients were 60–69 years of age (median: 64 years) and Caucasian (78%). There was nearly the same distribution in sex (M:F ratio; 1:1.2). The overall 5-year observed survival was 50.3% (95% C.I., 46.3—54.2). The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 66.1% (95% C.I., 62.0—70.1). The 5-year overall survival after resection was 60.8% (95% C.I., 56.3—65.3). Multivariable analysis identified grades III and IV (p = 0.028) as negative predictors of overall survival. Regional spread and distant stage are negative predictors of overall survival (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our data reveals that colorectal leiomyosarcoma (CR-LMS) often presents in patients around 64 years old with advanced stages and poor differentiation. Key adverse prognostic factors include older age, high tumor grade, large tumor size, and distant metastases, with surgical resection showing the best survival outcomes. To improve outcomes, further research and consolidation of data are essential for developing targeted therapies and comprehensive guidelines.