Continuum limits for discrete Dirac operators on 2D square lattices

Abstract

AbstractWe discuss the continuum limit of discrete Dirac operators on the square lattice in $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$ R 2 as the mesh size tends to zero. To this end, we propose the most natural and simplest embedding of $$\ell ^2({\mathbb {Z}}_h^d)$$ ℓ 2 ( Z h d ) into $$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$ L 2 ( R d ) , which enables us to compare the discrete Dirac operators with the continuum Dirac operators in the same Hilbert space $$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^2)^2$$ L 2 ( R 2 ) 2 . In particular, we prove that the discrete Dirac operators converge to the continuum Dirac operators in the strong resolvent sense. Potentials are assumed to be bounded and uniformly continuous functions on $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$ R 2 and allowed to be complex matrix-valued. We also prove that the discrete Dirac operators do not converge to the continuum Dirac operators in the norm resolvent sense. This is closely related to the observation that the Liouville theorem does not hold in discrete complex analysis.