1. Of 150 sources cited in the transport chapter of IPCC’s Second Assessment Report (Laurie Michaelis: Mitigation options in the transportation sector, in: Robert Watson, Marufu Zinyowera, Richard Moss (eds.): Climate change 1995: impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change: scientific-technical analyses, Cambridge 1996, pp. 681–712), only three mention shipping and none of them concentrates on greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Venugopalan Ittekot: Oceans, in: Robert Watson, Marufu Zinyowera, Richard Moss (eds.), op. cit., Climate change 1995: impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change: scientific-technical analyses, Cambridge 1996, pp. 269–288, here p. 274.
3. Laurie Michaelis: Special issues in carbon/energy taxation: marine bunker fuel charges, Annex I, Expert Group to the UNFCCC Working Paper No. 11, Paris 1997.
4. OECD: Competitive advantages obtained by some shipowners as a result of non-observance of applicable international rules and standards, Paris 1996.
5. H. E. Haralambides: Introduction: A Synthesis, in: H. E. Haralambides (ed.): Quality Shipping, Market Mechanisms for Safer Shipping and Cleaner Oceans, Rotterdam 1998, pp. XVII–XXXVIII.