1. Williams, Kilburn, and Tootill: Universal High-Speed Digital Computers, Proceedings Iee, vol. 98, part Ii, pp. 13–28. Feb. 1951.
2. Kilburn, Tootill, Edwards, and Pollard: Digital Computers at Manchester University, Proceedings, IEE, vol. 100, part II, pp. 487–500. Oct. 1953.
3. Mccracken D. D.: Digital Computer Programming. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1957.
4. Blaauw G. A.: Indexing and Control-Word Technique, IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 288–301. July 1959.
5. Beckmann, Brooks, and Lawless A: Developments in the Logical Organization of Computer Arithmetic and Control Units, Proceedings IRE, vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 53–66. Jan. 1961.