Continuation Versus De-escalation of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Therapy in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Abstract Background Antibiotic de-escalation (ADE) is a stewardship initiative that aims to reduce exposure to antimicrobials, thus limiting their unwanted effect, including antimicrobial resistance. Our study aims to describe the impact of ADE compared with the continuation of therapy on the outcome of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Material and Methods A single-center retrospective study included critically ill COVID-19 adult patients admitted between January 1, 2019 and August 31, 2021, and started on broad-spectrum antibiotics. The primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. In addition, other clinical outcomes were evaluated, including ICU readmissions, length of stay, and superinfection. Results The study included 73 patients with a mean age of 61.0 ± 19.4, and ADE was performed in 10 (13.6%) of these. In the ADE group, 8/10 (80%) cultures were positive. ICU mortality was not statistically different between ADE and continuation of therapy groups (60 vs. 41.3%, respectively, P = 0.317). Superinfection occurred in 4 (5.4%) patients. Hospital mortality, length of stay, and ICU readmission rates did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion De-escalation of broad-spectrum antibiotics in critically ill covid-19 patients was not associated with higher mortality. A larger cohort is needed to confirm these findings.