1. F. Ratzel,Antropogeographie (Stuttgart, 1891), I, and P. V. de la Blanche,Principes de Geographie Humaine (Paris, 1900).
2. K. Haushofer, E. Obst, H. Lautensach, O. Maull,Bausteine zur Geopolitik (Berlin, 1956); Rudolf Kjellen,Grundriss zu einem System der Politik (Leipzig, 1920); H. G. Wells,A Short History of the World (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England, Penguin Books, 1946). For a discussion of determinist and possibilist approaches in geography, see for example: Max Sorre,Rencontres de la Geographie et de la Sociologie (Paris, Librairie Marcel Riviere et Cie, 1957); Griffith Taylor,Urban Geography (London, Methuen and Co., 1951).
3. WhereE i means total employment,E b employment in basic industries, andE nb employment in service industries.
4. City planners working in smaller communities are, at any rate, unlikely ever to use more variables. Not only funds but usually data are unavailable and can be obtained only by laborious and time consuming field surveys.
5. But see for example, Walter Isard,Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science (New York The Technology Press of M.I.T. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1960, R. B. Andrews, “Mechanics of the Urban Economic Base”,Land Economics, XXIX, 1953, and C. L. Leven, “Measuring the Economic Base”,Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association, II, 1956.