1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 51: 1–483.
2. ———. 2007. Flora of the West Indies. National Museum of Natural History, The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Published in the Internet: http://persoon.si.edu/antilles/westindies/index.htm .
3. ——— & M. T. Strong (eds.). 2005. Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52: 1–415.
4. Adams, C. D. 1997. Regional overview: Caribbean Islands. Pp. 233–258 in S. D. Davis, V. H. Heywood, O. Herrera-MacBryde, J. Villa-Lobos & A. C. Hamilton (eds.), Centres of plant diversity. A guide and strategy for their conservation. Vol. 3. The Americas. WWF & IUCN, Cambridge, England.
5. Alain, H. 1960. Novedades en la flora Cubana, XIII. Candollea 17: 113–121.