CRISPR-Cas9 System Mediated Genome Editing Technology: An Ultimate Tool to Enhance Abiotic Stress in Crop Plants

Abstract

AbstractThe drastic rise in the human population globally might uplift the issue of food scarcity in the coming few decades. This problem could affect the agricultural sector entirely, and to set targets for uplift, major issues like climate change and environmental stresses should be fixed for possible high crop production. To develop highly productive and resistant varieties using old traditional methods is now a waste of time, and fast practices like the use of genome editing tools are required. Among all the technological tools, CRISPR-Cas9 is the most precise, productive, and quickest system, with extensive usage to resist biotic and abiotic stresses. This technique has direct or indirect influence over quantitative genes to withstand abiotic shocks. More than 20 crops have been modified using CRISPR-Cas tools to withstand stresses and improve yield. Researchers are using CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing to improve staple crops for biotic and abiotic stress resistance and improved nutritional quality.Irrespective of rules regarding genetically modified organisms, CRISPR/Cas9 insert genes through agroinfiltration, viral infection, or preassembled Cas9 protein-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein transformation in crops without transgenic impression. Certain undesirable genes that result in starch degradation and maltose amassing were deleted by using CRISPR to reduce cold sensitivity. Precise noxious ion and metal removal from roots and their effective counterbalancing in protoplast notions to distant structures could also be managed through gene editing tools. Spindly gene knockout creates stress-tolerant (drought and salt) plants. Researchers can make cost-effective use of CRISPR technology in multiple sectors. The global population needs to be fed as climate change has severely affected food security, which could be overcome in the future through advancements in CRIPSR technology.