1. Michel Foucault,Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (New York: Vintage, 1979), p. 204.
2. Ibid., p. 204. Jeremy Bentham's brother actually built the first panopticon in a Russian factory. See Shoshana Zuboff,In the Age of the Smart Machine (New York: Basic Books, 1988), pp. 320?322.
3. The sociologist, Stanley Cohen has contributed further insight by building upon William Burroughs' vision of social control as a ?soft machine?. (William Burroughs,Naked Lunch (London: Calder, 1959) p. 164; quoted in Stanley Cohen,Visions of Social Control: Crime, Punishment and Classification (Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 1985), p. 234.) Cohen argues that observation, counseling and diverse social services mask and extend the system of control. At its furthest extent, a system of observation can exercise control simply by ?sending? the message of its rules and its presence. (Cohen, Chapter 6, ?Visions of Order?.)
4. Michel Foucault,Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, p. 204.
5. Michel Foucault,Ibid Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, p. 305.