1. The name derives from the fact that a row of pearly photophores along the ventral surface of the fish resembles the buttons of a midshipman's coat.
2. Hubbs, C. L. and Schultz, L. P., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 86, 473–496 (1939).
3. Roedel, P. M. Fish. Bull. Calif. 91, 144 (1953).
4. Clemens, W. A. and Wilby, G. V. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Canad. 68, 398–399 (1961).
5. Miller, D. J. and Lea, R. N. Fish Bull. Calif. 157, 72 (1972).