1. Complex Systems Science Lab, Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-no, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Korea
2. Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
3. Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
4. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan