1. Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C. The medical care costs of obesity: an instrumental variables approach. J Health Econ. 2012;31(1):219–30.
2. Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C, Biener A, Hammer M, Wintfeld N. Savings in medical expenditures associated with reductions in body mass index among adults with obesity, by diabetes status. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015;33:707–22.
3. Specifically, we estimated two-part IV models of health care costs in which the BMI of a biological child serves as an instrument for the BMI of the adult MEPS respondent. Given the nature of the instrument, the MEPS sample is limited to adults who have a biological child living in their household. The age restriction for adults is 20-64 years and that for biological children is 11-20 years. For more details on the models and data, please see Cawley and Meyerhoefer (2012) and Cawley, Meyerhoefer, and Biener (2015).
4. Funk LM, Gunnar W, Eisenberg D, et al. A health services research agenda for bariatric surgery within the Veterans Health Administration. This issue.
5. Peterson K. Rapid evidence review of bariatric surgery in super obesity (BMI > 50 kg/m2). J Gen Intern Med. 2016. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3950-5 .