1. Robert P. Swierenga, “Computers and American History: The Impact of the ‘New’ Generation,”Journal of American History 60:4 (March, 1974), 1045–70.
2. See Harry S. Stout, “Culture, Structure, and the ‘New’ History: A Critique and an Agenda,”Computers and the Humanities 9:5 (September, 1975), 213–30.
3. Gene Wise provides an illuminating discussion of conceptual frameworks (or, as he terms them, “paradigms”) inAmerican Historical Explanations: A Strategy for Grounded Inquiry (Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press, 1973). On the relationship of conceptual frameworks to social scientific thought generally, see Robert W. Friedrichs,A Sociology of Sociology (New York: The Free Press, 1970).
4. Daniel Bell neatly distinguishes social structure from culture in the following manner: “By social structure I mean the system of social relationships between persons, institutionalized in norms and rules. By culture I mean the symbolic expressions in the realm of ideas and art of the experience of individuals in those relationships.” In “The Disjunction of Culture and Social Structure: Some Notes on the Meaning of Social Reality,”Daedalus 94 (1965), 208. See also Harry S. Stout, “Culture, Structure, and the ‘New’ History.”
5. Carl Lotus Becker,The History of Political Parties in the Province of New York 1760–1776 (Orig. publ. 1909; reprinted Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968), 22. The classic work in the Progressive tradition, and perhaps the single most significant essay in American History, is Charles A. Beard'sAn Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States (orig. publ. 1913; reprinted New York: The Macmillan Company, 1961).