1. Allen TFH, Hoekstra TW (1990) The Confusion Between Scale-defined Levels and Conventional Levels of Organisation. J Veget Sci 1:5–13
2. Allen TFH, Hoekstra TW (1991) Role of Heterogeneity in Scaling of Ecological Systems Under Analysis. In: Kolasa J, Pickett STA (eds) Ecological Heterogeneity. Ecol Studies 86, New York, pp 47–68
3. Allen TFH, Hoekstra TW (1992) Toward a Unified Ecology Columbia. Univ Press, Columbia
4. Allen TFH, Starr TB (1982) Hierarchy: Perspectives for Ecological Complexity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p 310
5. Allen TFH, O’Neill RV, Hoekstra TW (1984) Interlevel Relations in Ecological Research and Management: Some Working Principles from Hierarchy Theory. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-110:11