1. SHAKEY (Stanford Research Institute): N.J. Nilsson, A Mobile Automation: An Application of Artičial Intelligence Techniques, Proc. IJCAI, Washington DC, 1969.
2. -N.J. Nilsson (Hrsg.), SHAKEY the Robot, Technical Note 323, Artičial Intelligence Center Menlo Park, SRI International, 1984.
3. JPL-ROVER (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena): A.M. Thompson, The Navigation System of the JPL Robot, Proceedings Fifth IJCAI, Cambridge MA, 1977.
4. CART/CMU Rover (Stanford University, Carnegie Mellon University) Hans Moravec, Visual Mapping by a Robot Rover, Proc. 6th IJCAI, Tokio 1979.
5. -Hans Moravec, Robot Rover Visual Navigation, UMI Research Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1981.