1. Galileo Galilei Linceo, Discorsi e dimonstrazioni matematiche, Leiden 1638.
2. Lagrange, J. L., Sur des colonnes, Miscellanea Taurinensia (Royal Society of Turin), 1770–1773, 123.
3. Zienkiewicz, O. C., The Finite Element Method, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977.
4. Rao, S. S., The Finite Element Method in Engineering, Pergamon Press, 1982.
5. Schmit, L. A., Structural Design by Systematic Synthesis, Proceedings of 2nd Conference on Electronic Computations, ASCE, New York, 1960, pp. 105–122.