1. Vanderplaats, G. N., Numerical Optimization Techniques for Engineering Design: With Applications, McGraw-Hill, 1984.
2. Fletcher, R., Practical Methods of Optimization, John Wiley & Sons, 1987.
3. Gill, P. E., Murray, W., Wright, M. H., Practical Optimization, Academic Press, 1981.
4. Arora, J. S., Introduction to Optimum Design, McGraw-Hill, 1989.
5. Ding, Y., Shape Optimization of Structures: A Literature Survey, Cornput. and Struct., Vol. 24, No. 6, 1986, pp. 985–1004.