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3. More precisely we should say that the long-term growth rate of δx(t) is λ1 For the 1−D map these definitions are equivalent, but in higher dimensions the transient behavior of the vector δx(t) will almost always depend on other Lyapunov exponents.
4. A. Wolf, in Nonlinear Science: Theory and Applications, ed. by A. Holden, (Manchester University Press, 1986).
5. A. Brandstater, J. Swift, H. L. Swinney, A. Wolf, J. D. Farmer, E. Jen, and J. P. Crutch field, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1442 (1983).