Perioperative periprosthetic femur fracture associated with direct anterior total hip arthroplasty using metaphyseal fit and fill stem

Abstract

Abstract Introduction This study aims to identify radiographic and clinical risk factors of perioperative periprosthetic femur fracture associated with the direct anterior approach (DAA) using a metaphyseal fit and fill stem. We hypothesize stem malalignment with this femoral implant places increased stress on the medial calcar region, which leads to an increased risk of periprosthetic fracture. Methods We compared patients with periprosthetic femur fractures following DAA total hip arthroplasty (THA) utilizing the Echo Bi-Metric Microplasty Stem (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN) to a cohort of patients who did not sustain a periprosthetic fracture from five orthopedic surgeons over four years. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated for stem alignment, neck cut level, Dorr classification, and the presence of radiographic pannus. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed. Demographic and categorical variables were also analyzed. Results Fourteen hips sustained femur fractures, including nine Vancouver B2 and five AG fractures. Valgus stem malalignment, proud stems, extended offset, and patients with enlarged radiographic pannus reached statistical significance for increased fracture risk. Low femoral neck cut showed a trend toward statistical significance. Conclusion Patients undergoing DAA THA using a metaphyseal fit and fill stem may be at increased risk of perioperative periprosthetic fracture when the femoral stem sits proudly in valgus malalignment with extended offset and when an enlarged pannus is seen radiographically. This study identifies a specific pattern in the Vancouver B2 fracture cohort with regard to injury mechanism, time of injury, and fracture pattern, which may be attributed to coronal malalignment of the implant.