Nonmetallic tension band fixation is a viable and low-complication surgical technique in patellar fractures: a five-year retrospective study

Abstract

Abstract Background Traditionally, patellar fractures (PFs) have been managed using metallic tension band fixation, a method often associated with a notable rate of complications. Considering these challenges, this study explores the potential of nonmetallic fixation as a treatment option for PFs. This research aims to provide robust evidence supporting the use of the nonmetallic tension band fixation technique as an effective alternative to conventional metallic tension band fixation, thereby advancing the standard of care in treating these fractures. Methods This retrospective study analyzed a consecutive patient series presenting with PFs from 2008 to 2021, treated with a nonmetallic tension band fixation technique. Inclusion criteria were strictly defined to include individuals over 18 years of age with isolated PFs requiring surgical intervention. The study focused on evaluating postoperative complications and clinical outcomes, as measured by standardized scoring systems, at the final follow-up point to assess the efficacy and safety of the employed surgical technique. Results In this study, with a mean follow-up of 64 ± 7 months, a total of 64 patients who received open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for PFs were enrolled. Among these, five cases required additional surgical interventions. Specifically, two cases were due to knee stiffness, while the remaining three involved complications such as superficial infection, skin irritation, or delayed wound healing. The mean postoperative values recorded for the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Oxford knee score (OKS), and visual analog scale (VAS) were 20.4 ± 2.3, 35.5 ± 5.3, and 1.6 ± 0.4, respectively. There were no complications related to the nonmetallic fixation technique or instances of loss of reduction. Conclusion This study substantiates that nonmetallic tension band fixation is a safe and effective alternative to traditional metallic tension band fixation for patellar fractures. The study's low-complication rate and reoperation frequency underscore the value of nonmetallic implants in mitigating adverse effects and enhancing clinical outcomes. Level of evidence: IV.