Abstract
AbstractDetailed characteristics wear particles formed in various brake pads were done. Our study was focused on identification structure and chemical composition of powder particles released by brake abrasion. The experimental studies were carried out using Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. Structure and chemical composition of the original brake pads and disc samples were compared with the results obtained for wear particles. The chemical and phase composition of wear particles is in large part similar to composition of the original brake pads. Wear particles contained mainly various types of iron oxides, iron and iron carbon metallic particles. The part of the wear particles showed paramagnetic behaviour at room temperature. The sample with fully paramagnetic wear particles behaviour was subjected low temperature Mössbauer and magnetic measurements. The results indicate transition interval corresponding to magnetically ordered states—ferro/antiferromagnetic.
Graphic abstract
Funder
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Materials Chemistry,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,General Chemical Engineering,Biochemistry,General Chemistry
Reference34 articles.
1. Adamiec E (2017) Chemical fractionation and mobility of traffic-related elements in road environments. Environ Geochem Health 39(6):1457–1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-9983-9
2. Boogaard H, Kos GPA, Weijers EP, Janssen NAH, Fischer PH, van der Zee SC, de Hartog JJ, Hoek G (2011) Contrast in air pollution components between major streets and background locations: particulate matter mass, black carbon, elemental composition, nitrogen oxide and ultrafine particle number. Atmos Environ 45:650–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.033
3. Bukowiecki, N, Gehrig R, Lienemann P, Hill M, Figi R, Buchmann B, Furger M, Richard A, Mohr C, Weimer S, Prévôt A, Baltensperger U (2009) PM10 emission factors of abrasion particles from road traffic (APART). Swiss Association of Road and Transportation Experts (VSS). https://trimis.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/project/documents/20150710_141622_66365_priloha_radek_1052.pdf Accessed 2 Apr 2022
4. Chan D, Stachowiak GW (2004) Review of automotive brake friction materials. Proce Inst Mech Eng Part D J Automob Eng 218(9):953–966. https://doi.org/10.1243/0954407041856773
5. Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Bokkers BGH, Sachse H, Reijnders JJE et al (2019) Inhalation toxicity profiles of particulate matter: a comparison between brake wear with other sources of emission. Inhal Toxicol 31(3):89–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2019.1606365