A broadband VLBI system using transportable stations for geodesy and metrology: an alternative approach to the VGOS concept

Author:

Sekido MamoruORCID,Takefuji Kazuhiro,Ujihara HidekiORCID,Kondo TetsuroORCID,Tsutsumi Masanori,Kawai Eiji,Hachisu HidekazuORCID,Nemitz NilsORCID,Pizzocaro MarcoORCID,Clivati CeciliaORCID,Perini FedericoORCID,Negusini MoniaORCID,Maccaferri GiuseppeORCID,Ricci RobertoORCID,Roma MauroORCID,Bortolotti ClaudioORCID,Namba Kunitaka,Komuro Jun’ichi,Ichikawa Ryuichi,Suzuyama TomonariORCID,Watabe Ken-ichiORCID,Leute Julia,Petit GérardORCID,Calonico DavideORCID,Ido TetsuyaORCID

Abstract

AbstractWe have developed a broadband VLBI (very long baseline interferometry) system inspired by the concept of the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). The new broadband VLBI system was implemented in the Kashima 34 m antenna and in two transportable stations utilizing 2.4 m diameter antennas. The transportable stations have been developed as a tool for intercontinental frequency comparison but are equally useful for geodesy. To enable practical use of such small VLBI stations in intercontinental VLBI, we have developed the procedure of node-hub style VLBI: In joint observation with a large, high sensitivity ‘hub’ antenna, the closure delay relation provides a virtual delay observable between ‘node’ stations. This overcomes the limited sensitivity of the small diameter node antennas, while error sources associated with large diameter antennas, such as gravitational deformation and delay changes in necessarily long signal cables, are eliminated. We show that this scheme does not result in an increased sensitivity to radio source structure if one side of the baseline triangle is kept short. We have performed VLBI experiments utilizing this approach over both short range and intercontinental distance. This article describes the system components, signal processing procedure, experiment, and results in terms of baseline repeatability. Our measurements reveal signatures of structure effects in the correlation amplitude of several of the observed radio sources. We present a model of the frequency-dependent source size for 1928+738 derived from correlation amplitude data observed in four frequency bands.

Funder

French National Research Agency

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Computers in Earth Sciences,Geochemistry and Petrology,Geophysics

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