1. An early treatise on such applications isEvaluative Bibliometrics, Computer Horizons, Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ, 1976. An updated discussion is provided in: F. NARIN, Bibliometric techniques in the evaluation of research programs,Science and Public Policy, 14 (1987) 99–106.
2. See, for example, the experience of the Leiden Indicators Project, as reported in: H. F. MOED, W. J. M. BURGER, J. G. FRANKFORT, A. F. J. Van RAAN,On the Measurement of Research Performance: The Use of Bibliometric Indicators, University of Leiden, Leiden, 1983.
3. Perhaps the best known controversy is over the work ofMartin andIrvine on radio astronomy observatories. See B. R. MARTIN, J. IRVINE, Assessing basic research: Some partial indicators of scientific progress in radio astronomy,Research Policy, 12 (1983) 61–90.
4. Some of these are drawn from common knowledge and others from E. GARFIELD, Citation data is subtle stuff. A primer on evaluating a scientist's performance,The Scientist, 6 April 1987, 9; and H. A. ZUCKERMAN, Citation analysis and the complex problem of intellectual influence,Scientometrics, 12 (1987) 329–338.
5. ZUCKERMAN, ibid..